---
schema_version: "1"
id: 06bbf6de9adb62aecdfa811aa4f77547a7c5b3dec089f28d2af67c7be20bd86d
title: Reserved Keywords
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version: current
locale: en-us
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canonical_url: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_reserved_words.htm
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content_type: documentation
content_hash: b9399b9f2486e3b238f60d9ae5ba376c6fe2feeed48de968e6043ca92f2806cf
description: These words can be used only as keywords.
---
# Reserved Keywords

These words can be used only as keywords.

<table class="featureTable sort_table" summary="">
        <caption><span class="tablecap">Table 1. Reserved Keywords</span></caption>



        <tbody class="tbody">
          <tr>
            <td class="entry">
              <ul class="sl simple">
                <li class="sli">abstract</li>

                <li class="sli">activate</li>

                <li class="sli">and</li>

                <li class="sli">any</li>

                <li class="sli">array</li>

                <li class="sli">as</li>

                <li class="sli">asc</li>

                <li class="sli">autonomous</li>

                <li class="sli">begin</li>

                <li class="sli">bigdecimal</li>

                <li class="sli">blob</li>

                <li class="sli">boolean</li>

                <li class="sli">break</li>

                <li class="sli">bulk</li>

                <li class="sli">by</li>

                <li class="sli">byte</li>

                <li class="sli">case</li>

                <li class="sli">cast</li>

                <li class="sli">catch</li>

                <li class="sli">char</li>

                <li class="sli">class</li>

                <li class="sli">collect</li>

                <li class="sli">commit</li>

                <li class="sli">const</li>

                <li class="sli">continue</li>

                <li class="sli">currency</li>

                <li class="sli">date</li>

                <li class="sli">datetime</li>

                <li class="sli">decimal</li>

                <li class="sli">default</li>

                <li class="sli">delete</li>

                <li class="sli">desc</li>

                <li class="sli">do</li>

                <li class="sli">double</li>

                <li class="sli">else</li>

                <li class="sli">end</li>

                <li class="sli">enum</li>

                <li class="sli">exception</li>

                <li class="sli">exit</li>

                <li class="sli">export</li>

                <li class="sli">extends</li>

              </ul>

            </td>

            <td class="entry">
              <ul class="sl simple">
                <li class="sli">false</li>

                <li class="sli">final</li>

                <li class="sli">finally</li>

                <li class="sli">float</li>

                <li class="sli">for</li>

                <li class="sli">from</li>

                <li class="sli">global</li>

                <li class="sli">goto</li>

                <li class="sli">group</li>

                <li class="sli">having</li>

                <li class="sli">hint</li>

                <li class="sli">if</li>

                <li class="sli">implements</li>

                <li class="sli">import</li>

                <li class="sli">in</li>

                <li class="sli">inner</li>

                <li class="sli">insert</li>

                <li class="sli">instanceof</li>

                <li class="sli">int</li>

                <li class="sli">integer</li>

                <li class="sli">interface</li>

                <li class="sli">into</li>

                <li class="sli">join</li>

                <li class="sli">like</li>

                <li class="sli">limit</li>

                <li class="sli">list</li>

                <li class="sli">long</li>

                <li class="sli">loop</li>

                <li class="sli">map</li>

                <li class="sli">merge</li>

                <li class="sli">new</li>

                <li class="sli">not</li>

                <li class="sli">null</li>

                <li class="sli">nulls</li>

                <li class="sli">number</li>

                <li class="sli">object</li>

                <li class="sli">of</li>

                <li class="sli">on</li>

                <li class="sli">or</li>

                <li class="sli">outer</li>

                <li class="sli">override</li>

              </ul>

            </td>

            <td class="entry">
              <ul class="sl simple">
                <li class="sli">package</li>

                <li class="sli">parallel</li>

                <li class="sli">pragma</li>

                <li class="sli">private</li>

                <li class="sli">protected</li>

                <li class="sli">public</li>

                <li class="sli">retrieve</li>

                <li class="sli">return</li>

                <li class="sli">rollback</li>

                <li class="sli">select</li>

                <li class="sli">set</li>

                <li class="sli">short</li>

                <li class="sli">sObject</li>

                <li class="sli">sort</li>

                <li class="sli">static</li>

                <li class="sli">string</li>

                <li class="sli">super</li>

                <li class="sli">switch</li>

                <li class="sli">synchronized</li>

                <li class="sli">system</li>

                <li class="sli">testmethod</li>

                <li class="sli">then</li>

                <li class="sli">this</li>

                <li class="sli">throw</li>

                <li class="sli">time</li>

                <li class="sli">transaction</li>

                <li class="sli">trigger</li>

                <li class="sli">true</li>

                <li class="sli">try</li>

                <li class="sli">undelete</li>

                <li class="sli">update</li>

                <li class="sli">upsert</li>

                <li class="sli">using</li>

                <li class="sli">virtual</li>

                <li class="sli">void</li>

                <li class="sli">webservice</li>

                <li class="sli">when</li>

                <li class="sli">where</li>

                <li class="sli">while</li>

              </ul>

            </td>

          </tr>

        </tbody>

      </table>

These words are special types of keywords that aren't reserved words and can be used as identifiers.

- after
- before
- count
- excludes
- first
- includes
- last
- order
- sharing
- with