--- schema_version: "1" id: 8e47ce0e93d8dee9a6a3686af9a0ba991a084cf64f5b2204b72dc64fec46a81b title: Math Class collection: legacydeveloper version: current locale: en-us portal_url: https://docs.salesforce.com/legacydeveloper/current/en-us/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.md canonical_url: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm source_site: developer.salesforce.com content_type: documentation content_hash: 8828eded18b32f6a4f6d8df31c8889c385d67c182829122a3c03c5f0e14a1769 description: Contains methods for mathematical operations.Returns the mathematical constant e, which is the base of natural logarithms.Returns the mathematical constant pi, which is the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter.Returns the absolute value of the specified Decimal.Returns the absolute value of the specified Double.Returns the absolute value of the specified Integer.Returns the absolute value of the specified Long.Returns the arc cosine of an angle, in the range of 0.0 through pi.Returns the arc cosine of an angle, in the range of 0.0 through pi.Returns the arc sine of an angle, in the range of -pi/2 through pi/2.Returns the arc sine of an angle, in the range of -pi/2 through pi/2.Returns the arc tangent of an angle, in the range of -pi/2 through pi/2.Returns the arc tangent of an angle, in the range of -pi/2 through pi/2.Converts rectangular coordinates (xCoordinate and yCoordinate) to polar (r and theta). This method computes the phase theta by computing an arc tangent of xCoordinate/yCoordinate in the range of -pi to pi. Converts rectangular coordinates (xCoordinate and yCoordinate) to polar (r and theta). This method computes the phase theta by computing an arc tangent of xCoordinate/yCoordinate in the range of -pi to pi. Returns the cube root of the specified Decimal. The cube root of a negative value is the negative of the cube root of that value's magnitude.Returns the cube root of the specified Double. The cube root of a negative value is the negative of the cube root of that value's magnitude.Returns the smallest (closest to negative infinity) Decimal that is not less than the argument and is equal to a mathematical integer.Returns the smallest (closest to negative infinity) Double that is not less than the argument and is equal to a mathematical integer.Returns the trigonometric cosine of the angle specified by decimalAngle. Returns the trigonometric cosine of the angle specified by doubleAngle. Returns the hyperbolic cosine of decimalAngle. The hyperbolic cosine of d is defined to be (ex + e-x)/2 where e is Euler's number. Returns the hyperbolic cosine of doubleAngle. The hyperbolic cosine of d is defined to be (ex + e-x)/2 where e is Euler's number. Returns Euler's number e raised to the power of the specified Decimal.Returns Euler's number e raised to the power of the specified Double.Returns the largest (closest to positive infinity) Decimal that is not greater than the argument and is equal to a mathematical integer.Returns the largest (closest to positive infinity) Double that is not greater than the argument and is equal to a mathematical integer.Returns the natural logarithm (base e) of the specified Decimal.Returns the natural logarithm (base e) of the specified Double.Returns the logarithm (base 10) of the specified Decimal.Returns the logarithm (base 10) of the specified Double.Returns the larger of the two specified Decimals.Returns the larger of the two specified Doubles.Returns the larger of the two specified Integers.Returns the larger of the two specified Longs.Returns the smaller of the two specified Decimals.Returns the smaller of the two specified Doubles.Returns the smaller of the two specified Integers.Returns the smaller of the two specified Longs.Returns the remainder of integerValue1 divided by integerValue2. Returns the remainder of longValue1 divided by longValue2. Returns the value of the first Double raised to the power of exponent. Returns a positive Double that is greater than or equal to 0.0 and less than 1.0.Returns the value that is closest in value to decimalValue and is equal to a mathematical integer.Returns the value that is closest in value to doubleValue and is equal to a mathematical integer.Do not use. This method is deprecated as of the Winter '08 release. Instead, use Math.roundToLong. Returns the closest Integer to the specified Double. If the result is less than -2,147,483,648 or greater than 2,147,483,647, Apex generates an error.Returns the rounded approximation of this Decimal. The number is rounded to zero decimal places using half-even rounding mode, that is, it rounds towards the “nearest neighbor” unless both neighbors are equidistant, in which case, this mode rounds towards the even neighbor. If the result is less than -2,147,483,648 or greater than 2,147,483,647, Apex generates an error.Returns the rounded approximation of this Decimal. The number is rounded to zero decimal places using half-even rounding mode, that is, it rounds towards the “nearest neighbor” unless both neighbors are equidistant, in which case, this mode rounds towards the even neighbor. Returns the closest Long to the specified Double.Returns the signum function of the specified Decimal, which is 0 if decimalValue is 0, 1.0 if decimalValue is greater than 0, -1.0 if decimalValue is less than 0. Returns the signum function of the specified Double, which is 0 if doubleValue is 0, 1.0 if doubleValue is greater than 0, -1.0 if doubleValue is less than 0. Returns the trigonometric sine of the angle specified by decimalAngle. Returns the trigonometric sine of the angle specified by doubleAngle. Returns the hyperbolic sine of decimalAngle. The hyperbolic sine of decimalAngle is defined to be (ex - e-x)/2 where e is Euler's number. Returns the hyperbolic sine of doubleAngle. The hyperbolic sine of doubleAngle is defined to be (ex - e-x)/2 where e is Euler's number. Returns the correctly rounded positive square root of decimalValue. Returns the correctly rounded positive square root of doubleValue. Returns the trigonometric tangent of the angle specified by decimalAngle. Returns the trigonometric tangent of the angle specified by doubleAngle. Returns the hyperbolic tangent of decimalAngle. The hyperbolic tangent of decimalAngle is defined to be (ex - e-x)/(ex + e-x) where e is Euler's number. In other words, it is equivalent to sinh(x)/cosinh(x). The absolute value of the exact tanh is always less than 1. Returns the hyperbolic tangent of doubleAngle. The hyperbolic tangent of doubleAngle is defined to be (ex - e-x)/(ex + e-x) where e is Euler's number. In other words, it is equivalent to sinh(x)/cosinh(x). The absolute value of the exact tanh is always less than 1. --- # Math Class Contains methods for mathematical operations. ## Namespace [System](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_namespace_System.htm "The System namespace provides classes and methods for core Apex functionality.") ## Math Fields The following are fields for Math. - **[E](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_e)** Returns the mathematical constant _e_, which is the base of natural logarithms. - **[PI](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_pi)** Returns the mathematical constant _pi_, which is the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter. ### E Returns the mathematical constant _e_, which is the base of natural logarithms. #### Signature public static final Double E #### Property Value Type: [Double](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_double.htm#apex_methods_system_double "Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.") ### PI Returns the mathematical constant _pi_, which is the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter. #### Signature public static final Double PI #### Property Value Type: [Double](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_double.htm#apex_methods_system_double "Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.") ## Math Methods The following are methods for Math. All methods are static. - **[abs(decimalValue)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_abs)** Returns the absolute value of the specified Decimal. - **[abs(doubleValue)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_abs_2)** Returns the absolute value of the specified Double. - **[abs(integerValue)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_abs_3)** Returns the absolute value of the specified Integer. - **[abs(longValue)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_abs_4)** Returns the absolute value of the specified Long. - **[acos(decimalAngle)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_acos)** Returns the arc cosine of an angle, in the range of 0.0 through _pi_. - **[acos(doubleAngle)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_acos_2)** Returns the arc cosine of an angle, in the range of 0.0 through _pi_. - **[asin(decimalAngle)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_asin)** Returns the arc sine of an angle, in the range of -_pi_/2 through _pi_/2. - **[asin(doubleAngle)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_asin_2)** Returns the arc sine of an angle, in the range of -_pi_/2 through _pi_/2. - **[atan(decimalAngle)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_atan)** Returns the arc tangent of an angle, in the range of -_pi_/2 through _pi_/2. - **[atan(doubleAngle)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_atan_2)** Returns the arc tangent of an angle, in the range of -_pi_/2 through _pi_/2. - **[atan2(xCoordinate, yCoordinate)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_atan2)** Converts rectangular coordinates (xCoordinate and yCoordinate) to polar (r and theta). This method computes the phase theta by computing an arc tangent of xCoordinate/yCoordinate in the range of -_pi_ to _pi_. - **[atan2(xCoordinate, yCoordinate)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_atan2_2)** Converts rectangular coordinates (xCoordinate and yCoordinate) to polar (r and theta). This method computes the phase theta by computing an arc tangent of xCoordinate/yCoordinate in the range of -_pi_ to _pi_. - **[cbrt(decimalValue)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_cbrt)** Returns the cube root of the specified Decimal. The cube root of a negative value is the negative of the cube root of that value's magnitude. - **[cbrt(doubleValue)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_cbrt_2)** Returns the cube root of the specified Double. The cube root of a negative value is the negative of the cube root of that value's magnitude. - **[ceil(decimalValue)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_ceil)** Returns the smallest (closest to negative infinity) Decimal that is not less than the argument and is equal to a mathematical integer. - **[ceil(doubleValue)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_ceil_2)** Returns the smallest (closest to negative infinity) Double that is not less than the argument and is equal to a mathematical integer. - **[cos(decimalAngle)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_cos)** Returns the trigonometric cosine of the angle specified by decimalAngle. - **[cos(doubleAngle)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_cos_2)** Returns the trigonometric cosine of the angle specified by doubleAngle. - **[cosh(decimalAngle)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_cosh)** Returns the hyperbolic cosine of decimalAngle. The hyperbolic cosine of d is defined to be (_e_x + _e_\-x)/2 where _e_ is Euler's number. - **[cosh(doubleAngle)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_cosh_2)** Returns the hyperbolic cosine of doubleAngle. The hyperbolic cosine of d is defined to be (_e_x + _e_\-x)/2 where _e_ is Euler's number. - **[exp(exponentDecimal)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_exp)** Returns Euler's number _e_ raised to the power of the specified Decimal. - **[exp(exponentDouble)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_exp_2)** Returns Euler's number _e_ raised to the power of the specified Double. - **[floor(decimalValue)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_floor)** Returns the largest (closest to positive infinity) Decimal that is not greater than the argument and is equal to a mathematical integer. - **[floor(doubleValue)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_floor_2)** Returns the largest (closest to positive infinity) Double that is not greater than the argument and is equal to a mathematical integer. - **[log(decimalValue)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_log)** Returns the natural logarithm (base _e_) of the specified Decimal. - **[log(doubleValue)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_log_2)** Returns the natural logarithm (base _e_) of the specified Double. - **[log10(decimalValue)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_log10)** Returns the logarithm (base _10_) of the specified Decimal. - **[log10(doubleValue)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_log10_2)** Returns the logarithm (base _10_) of the specified Double. - **[max(decimalValue1, decimalValue2)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_max)** Returns the larger of the two specified Decimals. - **[max(doubleValue1, doubleValue2)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_max_2)** Returns the larger of the two specified Doubles. - **[max(integerValue1, integerValue2)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_max_3)** Returns the larger of the two specified Integers. - **[max(longValue1, longValue2)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_max_4)** Returns the larger of the two specified Longs. - **[min(decimalValue1, decimalValue2)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_min)** Returns the smaller of the two specified Decimals. - **[min(doubleValue1, doubleValue2)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_min_2)** Returns the smaller of the two specified Doubles. - **[min(integerValue1, integerValue2)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_min_3)** Returns the smaller of the two specified Integers. - **[min(longValue1, longValue2)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_min_4)** Returns the smaller of the two specified Longs. - **[mod(integerValue1, integerValue2)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_mod)** Returns the remainder of integerValue1 divided by integerValue2. - **[mod(longValue1, longValue2)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_mod_2)** Returns the remainder of longValue1 divided by longValue2. - **[pow(doubleValue, exponent)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_pow)** Returns the value of the first Double raised to the power of exponent. - **[random()](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_random)** Returns a positive Double that is greater than or equal to 0.0 and less than 1.0. - **[rint(decimalValue)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_rint)** Returns the value that is closest in value to decimalValue and is equal to a mathematical integer. - **[rint(doubleValue)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_rint_2)** Returns the value that is closest in value to doubleValue and is equal to a mathematical integer. - **[round(doubleValue)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_round)** Do not use. This method is deprecated as of the Winter '08 release. Instead, use Math.roundToLong. Returns the closest Integer to the specified Double. If the result is less than -2,147,483,648 or greater than 2,147,483,647, Apex generates an error. - **[round(decimalValue)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_round_2)** Returns the rounded approximation of this Decimal. The number is rounded to zero decimal places using half-even rounding mode, that is, it rounds towards the “nearest neighbor” unless both neighbors are equidistant, in which case, this mode rounds towards the even neighbor. If the result is less than -2,147,483,648 or greater than 2,147,483,647, Apex generates an error. - **[roundToLong(decimalValue)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_roundToLong)** Returns the rounded approximation of this Decimal. The number is rounded to zero decimal places using half-even rounding mode, that is, it rounds towards the “nearest neighbor” unless both neighbors are equidistant, in which case, this mode rounds towards the even neighbor. - **[roundToLong(doubleValue)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_roundToLong_2)** Returns the closest Long to the specified Double. - **[signum(decimalValue)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_signum)** Returns the signum function of the specified Decimal, which is 0 if decimalValue is 0, 1.0 if decimalValue is greater than 0, -1.0 if decimalValue is less than 0. - **[signum(doubleValue)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_signum_2)** Returns the signum function of the specified Double, which is 0 if doubleValue is 0, 1.0 if doubleValue is greater than 0, -1.0 if doubleValue is less than 0. - **[sin(decimalAngle)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_sin)** Returns the trigonometric sine of the angle specified by decimalAngle. - **[sin(doubleAngle)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_sin_2)** Returns the trigonometric sine of the angle specified by doubleAngle. - **[sinh(decimalAngle)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_sinh)** Returns the hyperbolic sine of decimalAngle. The hyperbolic sine of decimalAngle is defined to be (_e_x - _e_\-x)/2 where _e_ is Euler's number. - **[sinh(doubleAngle)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_sinh_2)** Returns the hyperbolic sine of doubleAngle. The hyperbolic sine of doubleAngle is defined to be (_e_x - _e_\-x)/2 where _e_ is Euler's number. - **[sqrt(decimalValue)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_sqrt)** Returns the correctly rounded positive square root of decimalValue. - **[sqrt(doubleValue)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_sqrt_2)** Returns the correctly rounded positive square root of doubleValue. - **[tan(decimalAngle)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_tan)** Returns the trigonometric tangent of the angle specified by decimalAngle. - **[tan(doubleAngle)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_tan_2)** Returns the trigonometric tangent of the angle specified by doubleAngle. - **[tanh(decimalAngle)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_tanh)** Returns the hyperbolic tangent of decimalAngle. The hyperbolic tangent of decimalAngle is defined to be (_e_x - _e_\-x)/(_e_x + _e_\-x) where _e_ is Euler's number. In other words, it is equivalent to sinh(x)/cosinh(x). The absolute value of the exact tanh is always less than 1. - **[tanh(doubleAngle)](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_math.htm#apex_System_Math_tanh_2)** Returns the hyperbolic tangent of doubleAngle. The hyperbolic tangent of doubleAngle is defined to be (_e_x - _e_\-x)/(_e_x + _e_\-x) where _e_ is Euler's number. In other words, it is equivalent to sinh(x)/cosinh(x). The absolute value of the exact tanh is always less than 1. ### abs(decimalValue) Returns the absolute value of the specified Decimal. #### Signature public static Decimal abs(Decimal decimalValue) #### Parameters - **decimalValue**: Type: [Decimal](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_decimal.htm#apex_methods_system_decimal "Contains methods for the Decimal primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Decimal](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_decimal.htm#apex_methods_system_decimal "Contains methods for the Decimal primitive data type.") ### abs(doubleValue) Returns the absolute value of the specified Double. #### Signature public static Double abs(Double doubleValue) #### Parameters - **doubleValue**: Type: [Double](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_double.htm#apex_methods_system_double "Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Double](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_double.htm#apex_methods_system_double "Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.") ### abs(integerValue) Returns the absolute value of the specified Integer. #### Signature public static Integer abs(Integer integerValue) #### Parameters - **integerValue**: Type: [Integer](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_integer.htm#apex_methods_system_integer "Contains methods for the Integer primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Integer](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_integer.htm#apex_methods_system_integer "Contains methods for the Integer primitive data type.") #### Example Integer i = -42; Integer i2 = math.abs(i); Assert.areEqual(42, i2); ### abs(longValue) Returns the absolute value of the specified Long. #### Signature public static Long abs(Long longValue) #### Parameters - **longValue**: Type: [Long](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_long.htm#apex_methods_system_long "Contains methods for the Long primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Long](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_long.htm#apex_methods_system_long "Contains methods for the Long primitive data type.") ### acos(decimalAngle) Returns the arc cosine of an angle, in the range of 0.0 through _pi_. #### Signature public static Decimal acos(Decimal decimalAngle) #### Parameters - **decimalAngle**: Type: [Decimal](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_decimal.htm#apex_methods_system_decimal "Contains methods for the Decimal primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Decimal](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_decimal.htm#apex_methods_system_decimal "Contains methods for the Decimal primitive data type.") ### acos(doubleAngle) Returns the arc cosine of an angle, in the range of 0.0 through _pi_. #### Signature public static Double acos(Double doubleAngle) #### Parameters - **doubleAngle**: Type: [Double](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_double.htm#apex_methods_system_double "Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Double](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_double.htm#apex_methods_system_double "Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.") ### asin(decimalAngle) Returns the arc sine of an angle, in the range of -_pi_/2 through _pi_/2. #### Signature public static Decimal asin(Decimal decimalAngle) #### Parameters - **decimalAngle**: Type: [Decimal](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_decimal.htm#apex_methods_system_decimal "Contains methods for the Decimal primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Decimal](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_decimal.htm#apex_methods_system_decimal "Contains methods for the Decimal primitive data type.") ### asin(doubleAngle) Returns the arc sine of an angle, in the range of -_pi_/2 through _pi_/2. #### Signature public static Double asin(Double doubleAngle) #### Parameters - **doubleAngle**: Type: [Double](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_double.htm#apex_methods_system_double "Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Double](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_double.htm#apex_methods_system_double "Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.") ### atan(decimalAngle) Returns the arc tangent of an angle, in the range of -_pi_/2 through _pi_/2. #### Signature public static Decimal atan(Decimal decimalAngle) #### Parameters - **decimalAngle**: Type: [Decimal](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_decimal.htm#apex_methods_system_decimal "Contains methods for the Decimal primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Decimal](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_decimal.htm#apex_methods_system_decimal "Contains methods for the Decimal primitive data type.") ### atan(doubleAngle) Returns the arc tangent of an angle, in the range of -_pi_/2 through _pi_/2. #### Signature public static Double atan(Double doubleAngle) #### Parameters - **doubleAngle**: Type: [Double](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_double.htm#apex_methods_system_double "Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Double](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_double.htm#apex_methods_system_double "Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.") ### atan2(xCoordinate, yCoordinate) Converts rectangular coordinates (xCoordinate and yCoordinate) to polar (r and theta). This method computes the phase theta by computing an arc tangent of xCoordinate/yCoordinate in the range of -_pi_ to _pi_. #### Signature public static Decimal atan2(Decimal xCoordinate, Decimal yCoordinate) #### Parameters - **xCoordinate**: Type: [Decimal](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_decimal.htm#apex_methods_system_decimal "Contains methods for the Decimal primitive data type.") - **yCoordinate**: Type: [Decimal](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_decimal.htm#apex_methods_system_decimal "Contains methods for the Decimal primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Decimal](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_decimal.htm#apex_methods_system_decimal "Contains methods for the Decimal primitive data type.") ### atan2(xCoordinate, yCoordinate) Converts rectangular coordinates (xCoordinate and yCoordinate) to polar (r and theta). This method computes the phase theta by computing an arc tangent of xCoordinate/yCoordinate in the range of -_pi_ to _pi_. #### Signature public static Double atan2(Double xCoordinate, Double yCoordinate) #### Parameters - **xCoordinate**: Type: [Double](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_double.htm#apex_methods_system_double "Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.") - **yCoordinate**: Type: [Double](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_double.htm#apex_methods_system_double "Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Double](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_double.htm#apex_methods_system_double "Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.") ### cbrt(decimalValue) Returns the cube root of the specified Decimal. The cube root of a negative value is the negative of the cube root of that value's magnitude. #### Signature public static Decimal cbrt(Decimal decimalValue) #### Parameters - **decimalValue**: Type: [Decimal](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_decimal.htm#apex_methods_system_decimal "Contains methods for the Decimal primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Decimal](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_decimal.htm#apex_methods_system_decimal "Contains methods for the Decimal primitive data type.") ### cbrt(doubleValue) Returns the cube root of the specified Double. The cube root of a negative value is the negative of the cube root of that value's magnitude. #### Signature public static Double cbrt(Double doubleValue) #### Parameters - **doubleValue**: Type: [Double](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_double.htm#apex_methods_system_double "Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Double](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_double.htm#apex_methods_system_double "Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.") ### ceil(decimalValue) Returns the smallest (closest to negative infinity) Decimal that is not less than the argument and is equal to a mathematical integer. #### Signature public static Decimal ceil(Decimal decimalValue) #### Parameters - **decimalValue**: Type: [Decimal](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_decimal.htm#apex_methods_system_decimal "Contains methods for the Decimal primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Decimal](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_decimal.htm#apex_methods_system_decimal "Contains methods for the Decimal primitive data type.") ### ceil(doubleValue) Returns the smallest (closest to negative infinity) Double that is not less than the argument and is equal to a mathematical integer. #### Signature public static Double ceil(Double doubleValue) #### Parameters - **doubleValue**: Type: [Double](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_double.htm#apex_methods_system_double "Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Double](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_double.htm#apex_methods_system_double "Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.") ### cos(decimalAngle) Returns the trigonometric cosine of the angle specified by decimalAngle. #### Signature public static Decimal cos(Decimal decimalAngle) #### Parameters - **decimalAngle**: Type: [Decimal](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_decimal.htm#apex_methods_system_decimal "Contains methods for the Decimal primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Decimal](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_decimal.htm#apex_methods_system_decimal "Contains methods for the Decimal primitive data type.") ### cos(doubleAngle) Returns the trigonometric cosine of the angle specified by doubleAngle. #### Signature public static Double cos(Double doubleAngle) #### Parameters - **doubleAngle**: Type: [Double](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_double.htm#apex_methods_system_double "Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Double](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_double.htm#apex_methods_system_double "Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.") ### cosh(decimalAngle) Returns the hyperbolic cosine of decimalAngle. The hyperbolic cosine of d is defined to be (_e_x + _e_\-x)/2 where _e_ is Euler's number. #### Signature public static Decimal cosh(Decimal decimalAngle) #### Parameters - **decimalAngle**: Type: [Decimal](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_decimal.htm#apex_methods_system_decimal "Contains methods for the Decimal primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Decimal](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_decimal.htm#apex_methods_system_decimal "Contains methods for the Decimal primitive data type.") ### cosh(doubleAngle) Returns the hyperbolic cosine of doubleAngle. The hyperbolic cosine of d is defined to be (_e_x + _e_\-x)/2 where _e_ is Euler's number. #### Signature public static Double cosh(Double doubleAngle) #### Parameters - **doubleAngle**: Type: [Double](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_double.htm#apex_methods_system_double "Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Double](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_double.htm#apex_methods_system_double "Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.") ### exp(exponentDecimal) Returns Euler's number _e_ raised to the power of the specified Decimal. #### Signature public static Decimal exp(Decimal exponentDecimal) #### Parameters - **exponentDecimal**: Type: [Decimal](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_decimal.htm#apex_methods_system_decimal "Contains methods for the Decimal primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Decimal](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_decimal.htm#apex_methods_system_decimal "Contains methods for the Decimal primitive data type.") ### exp(exponentDouble) Returns Euler's number _e_ raised to the power of the specified Double. #### Signature public static Double exp(Double exponentDouble) #### Parameters - **exponentDouble**: Type: [Double](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_double.htm#apex_methods_system_double "Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Double](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_double.htm#apex_methods_system_double "Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.") ### floor(decimalValue) Returns the largest (closest to positive infinity) Decimal that is not greater than the argument and is equal to a mathematical integer. #### Signature public static Decimal floor(Decimal decimalValue) #### Parameters - **decimalValue**: Type: [Decimal](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_decimal.htm#apex_methods_system_decimal "Contains methods for the Decimal primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Decimal](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_decimal.htm#apex_methods_system_decimal "Contains methods for the Decimal primitive data type.") ### floor(doubleValue) Returns the largest (closest to positive infinity) Double that is not greater than the argument and is equal to a mathematical integer. #### Signature public static Double floor(Double doubleValue) #### Parameters - **doubleValue**: Type: [Double](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_double.htm#apex_methods_system_double "Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Double](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_double.htm#apex_methods_system_double "Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.") ### log(decimalValue) Returns the natural logarithm (base _e_) of the specified Decimal. #### Signature public static Decimal log(Decimal decimalValue) #### Parameters - **decimalValue**: Type: [Decimal](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_decimal.htm#apex_methods_system_decimal "Contains methods for the Decimal primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Decimal](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_decimal.htm#apex_methods_system_decimal "Contains methods for the Decimal primitive data type.") ### log(doubleValue) Returns the natural logarithm (base _e_) of the specified Double. #### Signature public static Double log(Double doubleValue) #### Parameters - **doubleValue**: Type: [Double](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_double.htm#apex_methods_system_double "Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Double](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_double.htm#apex_methods_system_double "Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.") ### log10(decimalValue) Returns the logarithm (base _10_) of the specified Decimal. #### Signature public static Decimal log10(Decimal decimalValue) #### Parameters - **decimalValue**: Type: [Decimal](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_decimal.htm#apex_methods_system_decimal "Contains methods for the Decimal primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Decimal](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_decimal.htm#apex_methods_system_decimal "Contains methods for the Decimal primitive data type.") ### log10(doubleValue) Returns the logarithm (base _10_) of the specified Double. #### Signature public static Double log10(Double doubleValue) #### Parameters - **doubleValue**: Type: [Double](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_double.htm#apex_methods_system_double "Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Double](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_double.htm#apex_methods_system_double "Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.") ### max(decimalValue1, decimalValue2) Returns the larger of the two specified Decimals. #### Signature public static Decimal max(Decimal decimalValue1, Decimal decimalValue2) #### Parameters - **decimalValue1**: Type: [Decimal](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_decimal.htm#apex_methods_system_decimal "Contains methods for the Decimal primitive data type.") - **decimalValue2**: Type: [Decimal](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_decimal.htm#apex_methods_system_decimal "Contains methods for the Decimal primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Decimal](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_decimal.htm#apex_methods_system_decimal "Contains methods for the Decimal primitive data type.") #### Example Decimal larger = math.max(12.3, 156.6); Assert.areEqual(156.6, larger); ### max(doubleValue1, doubleValue2) Returns the larger of the two specified Doubles. #### Signature public static Double max(Double doubleValue1, Double doubleValue2) #### Parameters - **doubleValue1**: Type: [Double](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_double.htm#apex_methods_system_double "Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.") - **doubleValue2**: Type: [Double](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_double.htm#apex_methods_system_double "Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Double](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_double.htm#apex_methods_system_double "Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.") ### max(integerValue1, integerValue2) Returns the larger of the two specified Integers. #### Signature public static Integer max(Integer integerValue1, Integer integerValue2) #### Parameters - **integerValue1**: Type: [Integer](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_integer.htm#apex_methods_system_integer "Contains methods for the Integer primitive data type.") - **integerValue2**: Type: [Integer](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_integer.htm#apex_methods_system_integer "Contains methods for the Integer primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Integer](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_integer.htm#apex_methods_system_integer "Contains methods for the Integer primitive data type.") ### max(longValue1, longValue2) Returns the larger of the two specified Longs. #### Signature public static Long max(Long longValue1, Long longValue2) #### Parameters - **longValue1**: Type: [Long](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_long.htm#apex_methods_system_long "Contains methods for the Long primitive data type.") - **longValue2**: Type: [Long](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_long.htm#apex_methods_system_long "Contains methods for the Long primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Long](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_long.htm#apex_methods_system_long "Contains methods for the Long primitive data type.") ### min(decimalValue1, decimalValue2) Returns the smaller of the two specified Decimals. #### Signature public static Decimal min(Decimal decimalValue1, Decimal decimalValue2) #### Parameters - **decimalValue1**: Type: [Decimal](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_decimal.htm#apex_methods_system_decimal "Contains methods for the Decimal primitive data type.") - **decimalValue2**: Type: [Decimal](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_decimal.htm#apex_methods_system_decimal "Contains methods for the Decimal primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Decimal](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_decimal.htm#apex_methods_system_decimal "Contains methods for the Decimal primitive data type.") #### Example Decimal smaller = math.min(12.3, 156.6); Assert.areEqual(12.3, smaller); ### min(doubleValue1, doubleValue2) Returns the smaller of the two specified Doubles. #### Signature public static Double min(Double doubleValue1, Double doubleValue2) #### Parameters - **doubleValue1**: Type: [Double](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_double.htm#apex_methods_system_double "Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.") - **doubleValue2**: Type: [Double](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_double.htm#apex_methods_system_double "Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Double](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_double.htm#apex_methods_system_double "Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.") ### min(integerValue1, integerValue2) Returns the smaller of the two specified Integers. #### Signature public static Integer min(Integer integerValue1, Integer integerValue2) #### Parameters - **integerValue1**: Type: [Integer](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_integer.htm#apex_methods_system_integer "Contains methods for the Integer primitive data type.") - **integerValue2**: Type: [Integer](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_integer.htm#apex_methods_system_integer "Contains methods for the Integer primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Integer](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_integer.htm#apex_methods_system_integer "Contains methods for the Integer primitive data type.") ### min(longValue1, longValue2) Returns the smaller of the two specified Longs. #### Signature public static Long min(Long longValue1, Long longValue2) #### Parameters - **longValue1**: Type: [Long](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_long.htm#apex_methods_system_long "Contains methods for the Long primitive data type.") - **longValue2**: Type: [Long](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_long.htm#apex_methods_system_long "Contains methods for the Long primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Long](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_long.htm#apex_methods_system_long "Contains methods for the Long primitive data type.") ### mod(integerValue1, integerValue2) Returns the remainder of integerValue1 divided by integerValue2. #### Signature public static Integer mod(Integer integerValue1, Integer integerValue2) #### Parameters - **integerValue1**: Type: [Integer](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_integer.htm#apex_methods_system_integer "Contains methods for the Integer primitive data type.") - **integerValue2**: Type: [Integer](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_integer.htm#apex_methods_system_integer "Contains methods for the Integer primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Integer](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_integer.htm#apex_methods_system_integer "Contains methods for the Integer primitive data type.") #### Example Integer remainder = math.mod(12, 2); Assert.areEqual(0, remainder); Integer remainder2 = math.mod(8, 3); Assert.areEqual(2, remainder2); ### mod(longValue1, longValue2) Returns the remainder of longValue1 divided by longValue2. #### Signature public static Long mod(Long longValue1, Long longValue2) #### Parameters - **longValue1**: Type: [Long](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_long.htm#apex_methods_system_long "Contains methods for the Long primitive data type.") - **longValue2**: Type: [Long](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_long.htm#apex_methods_system_long "Contains methods for the Long primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Long](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_long.htm#apex_methods_system_long "Contains methods for the Long primitive data type.") ### pow(doubleValue, exponent) Returns the value of the first Double raised to the power of exponent. #### Signature public static Double pow(Double doubleValue, Double exponent) #### Parameters - **doubleValue**: Type: [Double](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_double.htm#apex_methods_system_double "Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.") - **exponent**: Type: [Double](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_double.htm#apex_methods_system_double "Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Double](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_double.htm#apex_methods_system_double "Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.") ### random() Returns a positive Double that is greater than or equal to 0.0 and less than 1.0. #### Signature public static Double random() #### Return Value Type: [Double](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_double.htm#apex_methods_system_double "Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.") ### rint(decimalValue) Returns the value that is closest in value to decimalValue and is equal to a mathematical integer. #### Signature public static Decimal rint(Decimal decimalValue) #### Parameters - **decimalValue**: Type: [Decimal](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_decimal.htm#apex_methods_system_decimal "Contains methods for the Decimal primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Decimal](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_decimal.htm#apex_methods_system_decimal "Contains methods for the Decimal primitive data type.") ### rint(doubleValue) Returns the value that is closest in value to doubleValue and is equal to a mathematical integer. #### Signature public static Double rint(Double doubleValue) #### Parameters - **doubleValue**: Type: [Double](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_double.htm#apex_methods_system_double "Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Double](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_double.htm#apex_methods_system_double "Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.") ### round(doubleValue) Do not use. This method is deprecated as of the Winter '08 release. Instead, use Math.roundToLong. Returns the closest Integer to the specified Double. If the result is less than -2,147,483,648 or greater than 2,147,483,647, Apex generates an error. #### Signature public static Integer round(Double doubleValue) #### Parameters - **doubleValue**: Type: [Double](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_double.htm#apex_methods_system_double "Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Integer](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_integer.htm#apex_methods_system_integer "Contains methods for the Integer primitive data type.") ### round(decimalValue) Returns the rounded approximation of this Decimal. The number is rounded to zero decimal places using half-even rounding mode, that is, it rounds towards the “nearest neighbor” unless both neighbors are equidistant, in which case, this mode rounds towards the even neighbor. If the result is less than -2,147,483,648 or greater than 2,147,483,647, Apex generates an error. #### Signature public static Integer round(Decimal decimalValue) #### Parameters - **decimalValue**: Type: [Decimal](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_decimal.htm#apex_methods_system_decimal "Contains methods for the Decimal primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Integer](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_integer.htm#apex_methods_system_integer "Contains methods for the Integer primitive data type.") #### Usage Note that this rounding mode statistically minimizes cumulative error when applied repeatedly over a sequence of calculations. #### Example Decimal d1 = 4.5; Integer i1 = Math.round(d1); Assert.areEqual(4, i1); Decimal d2 = 5.5; Integer i2 = Math.round(d2); Assert.areEqual(6, i2); ### roundToLong(decimalValue) Returns the rounded approximation of this Decimal. The number is rounded to zero decimal places using half-even rounding mode, that is, it rounds towards the “nearest neighbor” unless both neighbors are equidistant, in which case, this mode rounds towards the even neighbor. #### Signature public static Long roundToLong(Decimal decimalValue) #### Parameters - **decimalValue**: Type: [Decimal](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_decimal.htm#apex_methods_system_decimal "Contains methods for the Decimal primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Long](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_long.htm#apex_methods_system_long "Contains methods for the Long primitive data type.") #### Usage Note that this rounding mode statistically minimizes cumulative error when applied repeatedly over a sequence of calculations. #### Example Decimal d1 = 4.5; Long i1 = Math.roundToLong(d1); Assert.areEqual(4, i1); Decimal d2 = 5.5; Long i2 = Math.roundToLong(d2); Assert.areEqual(6, i2); ### roundToLong(doubleValue) Returns the closest Long to the specified Double. #### Signature public static Long roundToLong(Double doubleValue) #### Parameters - **doubleValue**: Type: [Double](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_double.htm#apex_methods_system_double "Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Long](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_long.htm#apex_methods_system_long "Contains methods for the Long primitive data type.") ### signum(decimalValue) Returns the signum function of the specified Decimal, which is 0 if decimalValue is 0, 1.0 if decimalValue is greater than 0, -1.0 if decimalValue is less than 0. #### Signature public static Decimal signum(Decimal decimalValue) #### Parameters - **decimalValue**: Type: [Decimal](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_decimal.htm#apex_methods_system_decimal "Contains methods for the Decimal primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Decimal](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_decimal.htm#apex_methods_system_decimal "Contains methods for the Decimal primitive data type.") ### signum(doubleValue) Returns the signum function of the specified Double, which is 0 if doubleValue is 0, 1.0 if doubleValue is greater than 0, -1.0 if doubleValue is less than 0. #### Signature public static Double signum(Double doubleValue) #### Parameters - **doubleValue**: Type: [Double](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_double.htm#apex_methods_system_double "Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Double](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_double.htm#apex_methods_system_double "Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.") ### sin(decimalAngle) Returns the trigonometric sine of the angle specified by decimalAngle. #### Signature public static Decimal sin(Decimal decimalAngle) #### Parameters - **decimalAngle**: Type: [Decimal](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_decimal.htm#apex_methods_system_decimal "Contains methods for the Decimal primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Decimal](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_decimal.htm#apex_methods_system_decimal "Contains methods for the Decimal primitive data type.") ### sin(doubleAngle) Returns the trigonometric sine of the angle specified by doubleAngle. #### Signature public static Double sin(Double doubleAngle) #### Parameters - **doubleAngle**: Type: [Double](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_double.htm#apex_methods_system_double "Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Double](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_double.htm#apex_methods_system_double "Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.") ### sinh(decimalAngle) Returns the hyperbolic sine of decimalAngle. The hyperbolic sine of decimalAngle is defined to be (_e_x - _e_\-x)/2 where _e_ is Euler's number. #### Signature public static Decimal sinh(Decimal decimalAngle) #### Parameters - **decimalAngle**: Type: [Decimal](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_decimal.htm#apex_methods_system_decimal "Contains methods for the Decimal primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Decimal](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_decimal.htm#apex_methods_system_decimal "Contains methods for the Decimal primitive data type.") ### sinh(doubleAngle) Returns the hyperbolic sine of doubleAngle. The hyperbolic sine of doubleAngle is defined to be (_e_x - _e_\-x)/2 where _e_ is Euler's number. #### Signature public static Double sinh(Double doubleAngle) #### Parameters - **doubleAngle**: Type: [Double](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_double.htm#apex_methods_system_double "Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Double](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_double.htm#apex_methods_system_double "Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.") ### sqrt(decimalValue) Returns the correctly rounded positive square root of decimalValue. #### Signature public static Decimal sqrt(Decimal decimalValue) #### Parameters - **decimalValue**: Type: [Decimal](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_decimal.htm#apex_methods_system_decimal "Contains methods for the Decimal primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Decimal](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_decimal.htm#apex_methods_system_decimal "Contains methods for the Decimal primitive data type.") ### sqrt(doubleValue) Returns the correctly rounded positive square root of doubleValue. #### Signature public static Double sqrt(Double doubleValue) #### Parameters - **doubleValue**: Type: [Double](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_double.htm#apex_methods_system_double "Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Double](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_double.htm#apex_methods_system_double "Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.") ### tan(decimalAngle) Returns the trigonometric tangent of the angle specified by decimalAngle. #### Signature public static Decimal tan(Decimal decimalAngle) #### Parameters - **decimalAngle**: Type: [Decimal](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_decimal.htm#apex_methods_system_decimal "Contains methods for the Decimal primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Decimal](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_decimal.htm#apex_methods_system_decimal "Contains methods for the Decimal primitive data type.") ### tan(doubleAngle) Returns the trigonometric tangent of the angle specified by doubleAngle. #### Signature public static Double tan(Double doubleAngle) #### Parameters - **doubleAngle**: Type: [Double](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_double.htm#apex_methods_system_double "Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Double](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_double.htm#apex_methods_system_double "Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.") ### tanh(decimalAngle) Returns the hyperbolic tangent of decimalAngle. The hyperbolic tangent of decimalAngle is defined to be (_e_x - _e_\-x)/(_e_x + _e_\-x) where _e_ is Euler's number. In other words, it is equivalent to sinh(x)/cosinh(x). The absolute value of the exact tanh is always less than 1. #### Signature public static Decimal tanh(Decimal decimalAngle) #### Parameters - **decimalAngle**: Type: [Decimal](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_decimal.htm#apex_methods_system_decimal "Contains methods for the Decimal primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Decimal](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_decimal.htm#apex_methods_system_decimal "Contains methods for the Decimal primitive data type.") ### tanh(doubleAngle) Returns the hyperbolic tangent of doubleAngle. The hyperbolic tangent of doubleAngle is defined to be (_e_x - _e_\-x)/(_e_x + _e_\-x) where _e_ is Euler's number. In other words, it is equivalent to sinh(x)/cosinh(x). The absolute value of the exact tanh is always less than 1. #### Signature public static Double tanh(Double doubleAngle) #### Parameters - **doubleAngle**: Type: [Double](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_double.htm#apex_methods_system_double "Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.") #### Return Value Type: [Double](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_double.htm#apex_methods_system_double "Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.")